Path 01Empty-run 21.6%*
Exclude empty-run emissions
Measured segment separation removes empty and return legs — kilometers driven with no cargo — from the calculation. In the EU, 21.6% of road-freight kilometres ran empty in 2024 (Eurostat).
LCS / Shippers
How normalization works
From inflated numbers to auditable evidence.
Bulk estimates that include empty and return legs, weighted by overseas average factors, inflate the emissions of your paid freight. LCS isolates the paid segments through direct measurement and applies Korea-specific emission factors to normalize the figures.
Normalization example · Reported paid-freight volume
AS-IS · Non-standard bulk estimate100%
After LCS normalization62%
*Illustrative example — actual normalization varies with each shipper’s transport profile (empty-run and consolidation rates). Carbon tax and allowance cost conversions are market-price examples, not actual credit issuance.
Two paths to normalization
Path 02+15–22%*
Avoid the European default-factor penalty
Without measured data or national factors, European default emission factors carry a conservative penalty of +15–22%, inflating reported figures. LCS applies its own WTW emission factors — internationally recognized through SFC verification (2025) — as the normal baseline.
*Industry-average and illustrative figures — actual ranges vary with each transport structure.
